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1.
Rev. med. Chile ; 150(7): 912-918, jul. 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424141

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot amputation is a public health challenge due to the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Although there are many health indicators aimed at the management and control of T2D and its complications, amputations persist. Aim: To evaluate the association between diabetic foot amputation index and indicators of care and management of T2D in primary care centers of the eastern section of Santiago, Chile. MATERIAL AND MATHODS: We conducted a mixed ecological study and included information from the Monthly Statistical report of different public health centers from 2014 to 2018. We also analyzed the hospital discharge records from an individual tertiary public health center. The annual index for diabetic foot amputation per 100,000 diabetic patients was used as a response variable. The diabetic compensation percentage was calculated as the proportion of adults with a glycosylated hemoglobin below 7% or the proportion of older people with a value below 8%. The diabetic decompensation percentage was calculated as the proportion of people with a glycosylated hemoglobin over 9%. RESULTS: A high variability in demographic and management indicators was observed between communes and centers in the study period. Bivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between the amputation index, decompensation, and insulin use. In a regression analysis, the amputation index was significantly associated with the diabetic compensation percentage (β = -3.5; p < 0.05) and a high decompensation percentage (β = 12.3; p < 0.005). Conclusions: The diabetic foot amputation index was associated with diabetic compensation and decompensation indicators.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Idoso , Pé Diabético/cirurgia , Pé Diabético/complicações , Pé Diabético/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Amputação Cirúrgica
2.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 41(1): 51-64, abr. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388115

RESUMO

Resumen: El panel intergubernamental sobre cambio climático estima que para el año 2100 74% de la población estará expuesta a olas de calor en el peor escenario (definido como 3 días consecutivos con temperaturas igual o sobre el percentil 95 de un periodo de tiempo), abarcando en Santiago hasta 40% de los días de verano con temperaturas extremas. Producto de la crisis climática también pueden ocurrir eventos de frío extremo. Ambos fenómenos constituyen un riesgo para la salud, particularmente para las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Estudiar la asociación entre temperaturas extremas y enfermedades cardiovasculares (mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares, infarto agudo al miocardio, accidente cerebrovascular, hipertensión y paro cardíaco extra hospitalario). Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en los buscadores ISI-Web of Science, Scopus y Nature utilizando los términos de búsqueda heatwave, cardiovascular disease y extreme heat entre los años 2016-2021 incluyendo trabajos que presenten medidas de asociación entre temperaturas extremas (percentil 5 para temperaturas bajas y percentil 90 para temperaturas altas) y enfermedades cardiovasculares, arrojando 130 resultados de los cuales se seleccionaron 19. Resultados: Tanto las temperaturas altas como bajas aumentaron el riesgo de muerte por infarto agudo al miocardio (IAM) (RR: 2,29 [2,18-2,40] y RR: 2,3 [1,2-4,6], respectivamente) y paro cardíaco (OR 3,34 [1,90-3,58] y OR: 1,75 [1,23-2,49], respectivamente). La mortalidad por hipertensión arterial se asoció a temperaturas altas (OR 1,91 [1,2-3,1]), mientras que la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) en general a bajas (RR: 1,79 [1,64 - 1,95]). En hospitalizaciones por ECV el riesgo por temperaturas altas (P99) fue RR: 1,74 [IC95%: 1,30-2,32]. Se identificaron diferencias por sexo y mayor riesgo en los mayores de 75 años y quienes presentaron exposiciones prolongadas. Conclusión: Hay una fuerte asociación entre hospitalizaciones y muerte por ECV y temperaturas extremas. Las mujeres y los adultos mayores son los más afectados.


Abstract: The Inter governmental panel estimates that in a worst case scenario, by 2100 74% of people will be exposed to heat waves (3 consecutive days with temperatures at or above the 95% percentile). This might be the case in up to 40% of days in Santiago. As a consequence of climate change there will also be periods with extremely low temperatures. Both conditions increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aim: to study the association of extreme temperatures with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (death, myocardial infarction, stroke and out of hospital sudden death). Method: The ISI-Web of Science, Scopus and Nature databases were searched using the terms "heat wave", "cardiovascular disease" and "extreme heat" for articles published between 2016 and 2021.


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Temperatura Alta , Mudança Climática , Saúde Pública , Saúde Global
3.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 24(2): 115-126, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1369438

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El retraso del procesamiento de las licencias médicas (LMs) representa un problema de salud pública en Chile, considerando que esto afecta el pago del subsidio a las personas destinado a realizar el reposo médico prescrito mientras no se pueda trabajar. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las diferencias en el tiempo de procesamiento de las licencias médicas electrónicas (LMEs) evaluadas por contraloría médica (CM) y las evaluadas por un sistema predictivo de contraloría médica (SPCM) basado en redes neuronales artificiales. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El tiempo de procesamiento de LMEs procesadas con SPCM fue comparado con el tiempo de procesamiento de LMEs examinadas solo con CM, usando curvas de Kaplan Meier, prueba de log-rank y modelos multivariados de Cox. RESULTADOS: La tasa de procesamiento del SPCM fue entre 1,7 a 5,5 veces más rápida que la tasa de procesamiento de la CM, ajustando por potenciales confusores. DISCUSIÓN: La implementación del SPCM permitió disminuir el tiempo de procesamiento de las LMEs, beneficiando a los trabajadores afiliados al seguro público.


INTRODUCTION: The delay in the processing of sick leaves (SLs) is a public health pro-blem in Chile, considering that this affects the payment of the subsidy to the indivi-duals destined to perform the prescribed medical rest while unable to work. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in the processing time of electronic SLs (ESLs) evaluated by medical audit (MA) and the SLs evaluated by a predictive medi-cal audit system (PMAS) based on artificial neural networks. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The processing time of the ESLs that were processed by PMAS was compared with the processing time of those that were examined only by MA, using Kaplan Meier curves, log-rank test, and multivariate Cox models. RESULTS: The processing rate for PMAS was 1.7-fold to 5.5-fold faster than MA, after adjusting for potential confoun-ding variables. DISCUSSION: The implementation of the PMAS reduced the processing time of ESLs, which benefits the workers affiliated to the public insurance system in Chile. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Inteligência Artificial , Licença Médica , Auditoria Médica/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Chile , Análise Multivariada , Análise de Regressão , Redes Neurais de Computação , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier
4.
Psiquiatr. salud ment ; 26(1/2): 4-14, ene.-jun. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-708244

RESUMO

El marco referencial de Brian Barber relaciona consumo de drogas, depresión, suicidalidad y conductas violentas con estilos parentales: la aceptación de los padres se correlaciona positivamente con iniciativa adolescente, y negativamente con síntomas depresivos y suicidas; el control psicológico con depresión y conducta antisocial, y el control comportamental negativamente con ésta última. Material y métodos: En conjunto con el autor, se adapta el instrumento CNAP y se aplica a una muestra representativa aleatoria trietápica de la Región Metropolitana (n=1447). Resultados: Hay consumo frecuente de alcohol en 26,9 por ciento, tabaco31,2 por ciento, de marihuana 6,9 por ciento, de cocaína u otras drogas2,3 por ciento. Hay ideación suicida en 7,7 por ciento y síntomas depresivos en 6,9 por ciento. La autoagresión predomina en mujeres y la heteroagresión en hombres. Con la edad aumenta el consumo de alcohol (X2=107,95, p=0,0001), de tabaco (X2=63,02, p=0,0001), de marihuana (X2=18,78,p=0,001);y de cocaína(X2=8,995,p=0,06). No hay diferencias por edad en conductas violentas, ideación suicida o síntomas depresivos. A peor relación con los padres mayor consumo, depresión, ideación suicida, y conductas heteroagresivas. Se encuentran coeficientes de correlación de Spearman en la misma dirección de los del estudio internacional CNAP. Conclusiones: Esta encuesta confirma estudios previos sobre sexo, edad y estilos parentales: hay mayor consumo de sustancias químicas y conductas heteroagresivas entre los hombres y de sentimientos depresivos e ideación suicida entre las mujeres. Las conductas estudiadas aumentan con la edad, con excepción de la violencia; estas conductas se correlacionan entre sí, y disminuyen con una buena relación con los padres. El modelo de Barber es confirmado en este estudio en Santiago de Chile, lo que importa en diseño de políticas públicas e intervenciones preventivas.


The referential framework developed by Brian Barber relates the consumption of drugs, depression, suicides and violent conduct to parental styles: acceptance by parents is positively correlated to prosocial adolescent initiative and, negatively, with depressive symptoms and suicidality; psychological control correlates with depression and anti-social behavior and psychological control correlates negatively with the latter. Material and methods: Together with the author, the CNAP survey (developed by Barber et al) was applied to a random trietapic representative sample from the Metropolitan Region (n=1447). Results: Frequent consumption was found in 26.9 percent of all cases, tobacco in 31.2 percent, marihuana in 6.9 percent and cocaine and other drugs in 2.3 percent Suicidal ideation accounted for 7.7 percent and depressive symptoms for 6.9 percent. Self-mutilation was predominant in women and hetero-aggression in men. Consumption increased with age: of alcohol (X2=107.95,p=0.0001), tobacco (X2=63.02,p=0.0001), marihuana (X2=18.78,p=0.001) and cocaine (X2=8.995,p=0.06). There were no age differences with regards to violent conduct, suicidal ideation or depressive symptoms. As relations with parents got worse, so did consumption, depression, suicidal ideation and hetero-aggressive conduct. Spearman correlation coefficients followed the same path as those of the CNAP international study. Conclusions: This survey confirms previous studies as to sex, age and parental styles: there is a greater consumption of chemical substances and hetero-aggressive conduct among men and depression and suicidal tendencies among women. The conduct studied increased with age, with the exception of violence; these conducts were correlated among each other, tending to decrease as relations with parents improved. The Barber model has been confirmed in this study in Santiago, Chile, which is important when it comes to designing public policies and preventive intervention.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Comportamento do Adolescente , Estudantes/psicologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Alcoolismo , Educação Infantil , Chile , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína , Coleta de Dados , Abuso de Maconha , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Fumar , Ideação Suicida , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(6): 774-784, jun. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-524957

RESUMO

Background: Peer methodology (PM) is an adaptation of the privileged access interviewer methodology and is used for prevalence studies. PM estimates higher drug consumption frequencies among school and college students than self reports, since it minimizes underreporting. Aim: To assess drug abuse among students using PM. Material and methods: A random sample of 234 school students of middle and low-middle socioeconomic status, aged 9 to 14 years (53 percent women) were interviewed using PM about drug consumption. Results: The frequency of licit drug consumption during the last year was 29 percent and 15 percent during the last month (current consumption). The consumption of tobacco and alcohol was 20 percent and 18 percent respectively during the last year. The figures for the last month were 11 percent and 8 percent respectively. The beginning age for smoking and alcohol consumption were 11.1 ±1.5 and 11.3± 1.8 years respectively. The frequency of illicit drug consumption was 3.5 percent. Illicit drug users began licit drug consumption at earlier ages their non user peers. Conclusions: There is a high frequency of illicit drug consumption among school age children.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Grupo Associado , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/etiologia
6.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 12(2): 83-92, 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-526887

RESUMO

El grado de religiosidad y observancia religiosa han sido estudiadas como elementos protectores para diversas conductas de salud. Este estudio analiza la relación entre grado de religiosidad y presencia de uso de sustancias químicas, otras conductas de riesgo auto y hetero-agresivas, en una muestra aleatoria de 252 adolescentes escolarizados en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile, en base a una aplicación del cuestionario ECRA-2, comparando entre sí los subgrupos auto-calificados como muy religiosos (n=57) con los nada religiosos (n=50). El grupo total tuvo una edad promedio de 17,7 (DS 1,54), de los cuales un 55,9 por ciento eran mujeres. En cuanto a adscripción religiosa, un 72,8 por ciento se identificaban como católicos, un 10,9 por ciento protestantes, un 4,7 por ciento de otra religión y un 11,7 por ciento sin religión. Un 22,6 por ciento se identificó como muy religioso, y un 19,8 por ciento como nada religioso. La comparación presentada contrasta los subgrupos auto-calificados como muy religiosos (n=57) con los nada religiosos (n=50). Un 12,5 por ciento de los adolescentes muy religiosos consumieron marihuana más frecuentemente que una vez al mes, en comparación a un 41,7 por ciento de aquellos que se consideraban nada religiosos (8,643; 2gl;p=0,013). Los adolescentes muy religiosos se sentían más frecuentemente tristes y nerviosos que los nada religiosos (22,7 por ciento vs 12,5 por ciento; X2=5,175;2 gl; p=0,075); informaban menor frecuencia de golpear a otros(p=0,05), menor participación en peleas grupales (p=0,03), menor frecuencia de robo en tiendas(p=0,08) y de copia en pruebas(p=0,002).


The degree of religiousness and religious observance have been studied as protective elements for various health behaviors. The present study assesses the relation between the degree of religiousness and the use of chemical substances and the presence of aggressive risk behaviors towards one self or others, in a randomly selected sample of 252 schooled adolescents from the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. An ECRA-2 questionnaire was used, and the subgroups self-rated as very religious (n=57) and as not religious at all (n=50) were compared. The total group mean age was 17,7 years (SD 1,54), and 55,9 percent were female. As for religious ascription, 72,8 percent identified themselves as Catholics, 10,9 percent as Protestants , 4,7 percent as other religion and 11,7 percent as without religion. Twenty-two point six percent (22,6 percent) rated themselves as very religious, and 19,8 percent as not religious at all. The present comparison contrasts the subgroups self-rated as very religious (n=57) and as not religious at all (n=50). Of the very religious adolescents, 12,5 percent consumed marijuana more frequently than once per month, as compared to 41,7 percent of those who considered themselves as not religious at all (8,643; 2gl; p=0,013). The very religious adolescents felt sad and nervous more commonly than the not religious at all (22,7 percent vs 12,5 percent; X2=5,175;2 gl; p=0,075); they reported a lower frequency of beating others (p=0,05), a lesser degree of participation in group fights (p=0,03), a lower frequency of shoplifting (p=0,08) and of cheating behaviors (p=0,002).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Comportamento do Adolescente , Estudantes/psicologia , Religião , Assunção de Riscos , Chile , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Santiago de Chile; CPU; nov. 2001. 12 p.
Monografia em Espanhol | LILACS, MINSALCHILE | ID: lil-313427

Assuntos
Família , Adolescente , Chile
14.
In. Barna Juri, Roberto; Concha, Iván; Florenzano Urzúa, Ramón; González Benedetti, Armando; Horwitz Campos, Nina; Maddaleno, Matilde; Romero, Maria Ines; Salazar Rojas, Diego; Segovia, Isabel; Valdés, Macarena; Venturini Ramirez, Gabriela; Villaseca Silva, Patricia. Salud familiar. s.l, Corporación de Promoción Universitaria, 1986. p.95-103, tab.
Monografia em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-39694
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